Spherical hydroxyapatite nanoparticle scaffolds for reduced lead release from damaged perovskite solar cells

Abstract Perovskite solar cells continue to attract interest due their facile preparation and high power conversion efficiencies. However, the highest efficiency perovskite inevitably contain lead, which raises concerns over contamination of drinking water when a module is broken then flooded. We previously showed that conventional synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles could capture some lead from cells, but amount released was well above safe level. Here, we modify HAP synthesis prepare new spherical-HAP (s-HAP) with 60% increase in Pb absorption capacity. blend s-HAPs TiO 2 construct mixed scaffolds investigate effect on (FAPbI 3 ) 0.97 (MAPbBr 0.03 cell performance capture. Replacement 80% s-HAP causes 18.61% 20.32% as result decreased charge carrier recombination. Lead devices subjected simulated hail damage followed by flooding shown decrease exponentially increasing content. The concentration after 24 h below US limit.